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2008年职称英语考试综合类课堂笔记三十九
发布时间:2008-5-20 9:58:00 浏览次数: 363
2. 直接解题:
1. Detox begins(开始) after Christmas(圣诞节)when people think they have been overeating (已经吃的过多)during (在...期间)the Christmas season and have taken in (接受,理解,欺骗) many substances(物质) that are bad for(对...有害的) their health(健康).
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
1.A. 该题从句意上看为细节题。同时利用问题中出现的特征词Christmas(圣诞节)和细节结构during the Christmas season (在圣诞节期间)作为答案线索, 从文章开头开始查找答案相关句:
(第一段)After Christmas comes the anti-Christmas. If the festive season (快乐的季节)is all about filling up(填满) on the things you like that are bad for you, then the new year is the ‘detox season’- when people across the western world adopt special diets to lose weight and get rid of the vague feeling that they have spent the last few weeks poisoning themselves.
真正的答案相关句在第一段的第2句,该句说“如果在这个快乐的季节(圣诞节)期间你的肚子里填满了你自己喜欢, 但是却对你身体有害的食物, 那么新年就是‘戒毒’的季节”, 显然这个句子的内容与问题句的内容一致。
考点:复合句,定冠词结构(the festive season)的指代内容。
2. Many pregnant(怀孕的) women and growing(正在成长的) teenagers(青少年) are suffering from (正遭受到...)mal-nutrition(营养不良) because of (因为)the detox-diets(解毒饮食) they take(吃,喝,服用).
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
2.B.该题也是细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息词pregnant women, growing teenagers, mal-nutrition 作为答案线索, 顺着上一题的答案位置往下查找答案相关句:
(第 8段)Detox diets may also(也) be dangerous(危险的), as(因为) they may deprive(剥夺)vulnerable(容易受攻击的,脆弱的) groups(群体, 组, 群) – pregnant(怀孕的) women, for instance(例如), or growing(正在生长的) teenagers – of the kind of nutrients(营养物质) they need.
答案相关句说“解毒饮食可能也有危险, 因为它可能会使那些较脆弱的人群,例如孕妇和正在成长的孩子营养不足”,而问题句说怀孕的妇女和正在成长的年轻人正在遭受由戒毒饮食所造成的营养不良,显然问题句的说法与文章中相关内容的说法不一致, 因此问题句的说法错误。
提示:时态的辨别是文章阅读题中的常设考点之一。
3. Both the UK(英国) and (不但..而且...)the USA(美国 ) lack(缺少) a national (国家的, 国立的)cuisine(烹调, 烹调风格) as a result of (因为)similar (相似的)historical(历史的) development(发展 ).
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
3.B. 该题也是典型的细节题。利用问题句中的特征词UK和USA,以及问题句中细节信息词cuisine (烹调) 和 historical development (历史发展)共同作为答案线索,顺着上一题的答案位置往下查找答案相关句:
(第 9 段)Yet their popularity continues to rise. This may be something to do with the way that food works within many western cultures. Generally, a country’s food develops along with its economy and society. Food(食物) becomes(成为) part of (...的一部分)a person’s cultural(文化的) identity(身份).
(第 10 段)In some countries, this link has been broken. In the UK, for example, rapid industrialization(工业化) in the 18th and 19th centuries(世纪) saw(目睹)millions of (数百万的)people move(移动,感动) from the countryside(乡下) to the towns(城镇)interrupting(打断, 中断) the development(发展) of a national(国家的, 民族的) cuisine. The United States, a country of immigrants (移民)from many different (不同的)places(地方), have found (已经发现)it hard(困难的,硬的,艰苦的, 努力地) to develop(发展) a national cuisine. In both places, comparatively(相当) few(很少的) people cook(烹调, 做饭) for themselves and food supply (食物供应)is dominated by (被...控制/统治)big processing(加工, 处理) and agribusiness(农业综合企业) companies(公司).
显然文章中提到的造成英美两国缺乏民族烹调主要原因不是因为这两个国家的历史发展过程类似,而是分别由于不同的原因:英国是因为工业化的结果, 同时这两个国家都是因为食品供应被大型食品加工公司和农业综合企业控制的结果。
考点:上下文之间的意义关系(现象(英国和美国缺少民族烹调) + 原因分析(段落最后一句:主要都因为食品供应被大型食品加工公司和农业综合企业控制))
4. The French (法国人)and the Italians (意大利人)cook(烹调) for themselves(他们自己) more often than the British(英国人) and the Americans(美国人), which helps (帮助)them to keep(保持) the link between(...和...之间的联系) food(食物) and their culture(文化).
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
4.A. 该题也是典型的细节题。利用问题句中的特征词:French(法国人), Italian(意大利人), British (英国人) 和 American(美国人), 及问题句中的细节信息词food和culture作为答案线索,顺着上一题的答案位置往下查找答案相关句:
(第 10 段)In some countries, this link has been broken. In the UK, for example, rapid industrialization in the 18th and 19th centuries saw millions of people move from the countryside to the towns interrupting the development of a national cuisine. The United States, a country of immigrants from many different places, have found it hard to develop a national cuisine. In both places, comparatively few people cook for themselves and food supply is dominated by big processing and agribusiness companies.
(第11段)Detox diets are more popular (更受欢迎的)in these countries (这些国家)than in places(地方) like France and Italy, where strong(强烈的, 强壮的) links(联系) between food and national(民族的) culture remain(继续), and where far(更加地) more people regularly(经常地,定期地,规则地) cook for themselves instead of(而不是) buying(购买) processed(加工的) foods.
答案相关句说“在法国和意大利食物和民族文化之间存在着强烈的联系, 这两个国家里人们会经常自己做饭而不是去购买加工食物”,由此可见该句内容与问题句的内容一致。
考点:复合句。
5. On the whole (大体上)the eastern(东方的) people like(如同) the Chinese (中国人)and the Japanese(日本人) have stronger(更强烈的) link between their food and their culture(文化) than the western(西方的) people.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
5.C. 该题也是细节题。利用问题句中的特征词Chinese和Japanese作为答案线索,顺着上一题的答案位置往下查找答案相关句, 结果发现这两个答案线索词根本没有在文章中出现, 因此判断问题句的内容在文章中没有被提到。
考点:细节信息的查找和确认。
6. A positive(积极的,肯定的) effect(影响) of detox diets (解毒饮食)is that it helps(帮助) people to see (看见,认识到)what food are good for (对...有益)the health(健康).
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
6.A. 该题可能涉及文章中的重要结论或观点。利用问题句中含有修饰词的结构positive effect(积极的影响), good for(对...有益)作为答案线索,顺着上一题的答案位置往下查找答案相关句:
(倒数第2段)Perhaps(或许) detox diets are successful (成功的)because(因为) many westerners(西方人) have lost (已经失去)trust in (对...的信任)what they eat. On the other hand(另一方面), they may help re-introduce(重新介绍) people to the kind of food that is necessary(必要的) for a healthy(健康的) diet(饮食). And after learning that, they won’t poison themselves in the first place.
答案相关句在文章倒数第2段, 该段说“或许解毒饮食是成功道德,因为许多西方人已经不在相信他们吃的东西。 而另一方面, 它们可能帮助重新介绍人们认识健康的饮食所必需的那种食物”, 由此可推断出解毒饮食的作用是帮助人们认识到哪种食物对他们的身体健康有益。
提示:
涉及文章主题的观点或结论往往出现在文章的结尾部分, 可能问题句的内容是从这些观点或结论推断出来的内容。
考点:推断能力。
7. Food industry(食品业) would make even greater profits (获得更大的利润)if people should all start to (开始)eat healthy(有益于健康的) foods and stop poisoning(毒害) themselves.
A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
7.B.该题涉及文章中的细节信息,属于文章细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息词food industry(食品业)作为答案线索,在文章中查找答案相关句(关注最后一段):
This would mean radical (根本的, 激进的)changes(变化) in the way that people eat across the west. And that would be an unwelcome(不受欢迎的) development(发展变化) for the food industry. From the business(商业,事情) point of view(从...观点), it is much better to sell (销售)people the problem(问题)and then(然后) sell(销售)them the solution(解决方法).
答案相关句说“这可能意味着西方人的饮食方式发生根本的变化, 而这对食品工业来说不是一个受欢迎的变化”,既然是“不受欢迎的变化”, 由此可推断出应该是食品业不赚钱。其实接下来的句子就解释了原因:从商业的观点来看先把有问题的食品卖给大家吃, 然后再把解决问题的饮食方式推销给大家,从而两头获益。
考点:推断能力。
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