ÄúµÄλÖãºÊ×Ò³ >> ÍâÓï » Ö°³ÆÍâÓï » 2008ÄêÖ°³ÆÓ¢ÓÊÔ²¹È«¶ÌÎÄÏ°Ìâ(Ê®Áù) >> ÕýÎÄ

Leukemia
      Leukemia is the most common type of cancer kids get, but it is still very rare. Leukemia involves the blood and blood-forming organs, such as the bone marrow. _____(1)_____
      A kid with leukemia produces lots of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow. Usually, white blood cells fight infection, but the white blood cells in a person with leukemia don¡¯t work the way they¡¯re supposed to. _____(2)_____ The abnormal white blood cells multiply out of control, filling the bone marrow and making it hard for enough normal, infection-fighting white blood cells to form. Other blood cells¡ªsuch as red blood cells (that carry oxygen in the blood to the body¡¯s tissues) and platelets (that allow blood to clot) ¨Care also crowded out by the white blood cells of leukemia. These cancer cells may also move to other parts of the body, including the bloodstream, where they continue to multiply and build up.
      Although leukemia can make kids sick, most of the time it is treatable, and kids get better. Almost all leukemia patients are treated with chemotherapy, which means using anti-cancer drugs. _____(3)_____ Chemotherapy quickly goes to work, traveling through the blood to the bone marrow. There, the drugs can attack the cancer cells. After several weeks of chemotherapy, many kids begin to feel better.
      Some children with leukemia will also have to have radiation therapy, too. _____(4)_____
      If the cancer isn¡¯t getting better from using the usual amounts of chemotherapy and radiation, then a kid with leukemia will probably need more treatment¡ªwith higher doses of chemotherapy and radiation finally kill the cancer cells. But this heavy-duty treatment will also harm the normal cells in the kid¡¯s bone marrow too, and the bone marrow will no longer be able to produce normal blood cells. So, doctors will then give a kid¡ªor anyone else with bone marrow that is no longer working ¡ª¡ª normal bone marrow tissue from someone else who is healthy. _____(5)_____

A The chemotherapy drugs are given through a catheter, a narrow tube that is inserted into a blood vessel, sometimes in the kid¡¯s upper chest.
B Early symptoms of leukemia are often overlooked, since they may resemble symptoms of the flu or other common diseases.
C This is a special procedure called a bone marrow transplant, and it helps the patient make new blood cells so they can recover from the leukemia.
D Bone marrow is the innermost part of some bones where blood cells are first made.
E They don¡¯t protect the person from infections very well.
F Radiation therapy uses invisible high-energy waves (similar to X-rays) to kill cancerous cells.
What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes?
      When you eat, your body, takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel. _____(1)_____ Your body uses glucose for energy, so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game. But glucose can¡¯t be used by the body on its own¡ªit needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cells of the body.
      Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas, a large organ near the stomach. The pancreas makes insulin; insulin brings glucose into the cells; and the body gets the energy it needs. When a person has insulin-dependent diabetes, it¡¯s because the pancreas is not making insulin. So someone could be eating lost of food and getting all the glucose he needs, but without insulin, there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy. _____(2)_____
You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes, maybe people of your grandparents¡¯ age. Usually, this is a different kind of diabetes called non-insulin-dependent diabetes. It can also be called Type 2 diabetes, or adult-onset diabetes.__________(3)_____
      When a kid diagnosed with juvenile (insulin-dependent) diabetes, he will have that type of diabetes for his whole life. It won¡¯t ever change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older.
      Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness. _____(4)_____ Many scientists believe that along with having certain gees, something else outside the person¡¯s body, like a viral infection, is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
      But the person must have the gene (or genes) for diabetes to start out with¡ªthis means you can¡¯t get diabetes just from catching a flu, virus, or cold. And this type of diabetes isn¡¯t caused by eating too many sugary foods, eight. Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a person¡¯s body ¡ªsometimes months or year. Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious. _____(5)_____

A Genes are something that you inherit form your parents, and they are in your body even before you¡¯re born.
B This sugar-fuel is called glucose.
C It may be possible to beat insulin resistance through lifestyle changes.
D You can¡¯t catch diabetes from people who have it, no mater how close you sit to them or if you kiss them.
E The glucose can¡¯t get into the cells of the body without insulin.
F When a person has this kind of diabetes, the pancreas usually can still make insulin, but the person¡¯s body needs more than the pancreas can make.
Bedwetting
    Millions of kids and teenagers from every part of the world wet the bed every single night. It¡¯s so common that there are probably other kids in your class who do it. Most kids don¡¯t tell their friends, so it¡¯s easy to feel kind of alone, like you might be the only one on the whole planet who wets the bed. _____(1)_____
    The fancy name for bedwetting is nocturnal enuresis. Enuresis runs in families. This means that if you urinate, or pee, while you are asleep, there¡¯s a good chance that a close relative also did it when he or she was a kid. _____(2)_____
    The most important thing to remember is that no one wets the bed on purpose. It doesn¡¯t mean that you¡¯re lazy or a slob. _____(3)_____ For some reason, kids who wet the bed are not able to feel that their bladder is full and don¡¯t wake up to pee in the toilet. Sometimes a kid who wets the bed will have a realistic dream that he¡¯s in the bathroom peeing¡ªonly to wake up later and discover he¡¯s all wet. Many kids who wet the bed are very deep sleepers. _____(4)_____
Some kids who wet the bed do it every single night. Others wet some nights and are dry on other. A lot of kids say that they seem to be drier when they sleep at a friend¡¯s or a relative¡¯s house. _____(5)_____ So the brain may be thinking, ¡°Hey, you! Don¡¯t wet someone else¡¯s bed!¡± This can help you stay dry even if you¡¯re not aware of it.

A The good news is that almost all kids who wet the bed eventually stop.
B Trying to wake up someone who wets the bed is often like trying to wake a log¡ªthey just stay asleep.
C It¡¯s something you can¡¯t help doing.
D Just like you may have inherited your mom¡¯s blue eyes or your uncle¡¯s long legs, you probably inherited bedwetting, too.
E That¡¯s because kids who are anxious about wetting the bed may not sleep much or only very lightly.
F But you are not alone.