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Attitudes to AIDS Now
    Most people say that the USA is making progress in fighting AIDS, but they don't know there's no cure and strongly disagree that ¡°the AIDS epidemic is over,¡± a new survey finds.
    The findings, released Thursday by the Kaiser Family Foundation, reassure activists who have worried that public concern about AIDS might disappear in light of recent news about advances in treatment and declines in deaths.
    ¡°While people are very optimistic about the advances, they¡¯re still realistic about the fact that there is no cure¡± , says Sophia Chang, director of HIV programs at the foundation.
    The Kaiser survey, like a recent USA TODAY Gallup Poll, does find that the number of people ranking AIDS as the country's top health problem has fallen. In the Kaiser poll, 38% say it's the top concern, down from 44% in a 1996 poll, in the Gallup poll, 29% say AIDS is No. 1, down from 41% in 1992 and 67% in 1987.
    Other findings from Kaiser, which polled more than 1, 200 adults in September and October and asked additional questions of another 1, 000 adults in November£º
    52% say the country is making progress against AIDS, up from 32% in 1995.
    51% say the government spends too little on AIDS.
    86% correctly say AIDS drugs can now lengthen lives; an equal number correctly say that the drugs are not cures.
    67% incorrectly say that AIDS deaths increased or stayed the same in the past year, 24% know deaths fell.
    Daniel Zingale, director of AIDS Action Council, says£¬¡°I¡¯m encouraged that the American people are getting the message that the AIDS epidemic isn¡¯t over. I hope the decision-makers in Washington are getting the same message. . . We have seen signs of complacency.¡±

1. What do activists worry about?
  A. Recent news about AIDS is not true.
  B. People may stop worrying about AIDS.
  C. Deaths caused by AIDS may not decline.
  D. Advances in AIDS treatment are too slow.

2. According to the passage, people's attitude toward the cure of AIDS is
  A. optimistic.                                         
  B. realistic.
  C. pessimistic.                                 
  D. hopeless.

3. The Gallup Poll shows that the number of people
  A. who suffer from the worst disease¡ªAIDS has fallen.
  B. who think AIDS threatens the countryside has fallen.
  C. who worry about AIDS and health problems has fallen.
  D. who think AIDS is the country's top health killer has fallen.

4. According to the Kaiser Poll, which of the following is NOT correct?
  A. The country is making progress against AIDS.
  B. AIDS drugs still cannot save people's lives.
  C. AIDS drugs can now make people live longer.
  D. More and more people die of AIDS now.

5. The word ¡°message¡± in the last paragraph means
  A. printed news.                           
  B. contact. 
  C. meaning.                                       
  D. central idea.
Ulcers
    Even though ulcers appear to run in families, lifestyle plays more of role than genetic factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13th Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular, smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an ulcer.
Overall, 61% of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors, such as smoking, and the remaining 39% is due to genes according to Dr. Ismo Raiha of the University of Turky and colleagues at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Some researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pylori, the bacteria that can cause ulcers. However, the new study suggests this is unlikely, according to the report.
    Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins ¡°to examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of peptic ulcer disease,¡± they explain. Both twins were more likely to develop an ulcer if the pair were genetically the same as compared with a pair of fraternal twins, suggesting that there must be some genetic susceptibility to ulcer development.
    However, the risk was no greater in twins living together compared with twins living apart, suggesting that shared exposure to H. pylori was not to blame. ¡°Environmental effects were not due to factors shared by family members, and they were related to smoking and stress in men and the use of analgesics in women,¡± the authors wrote. ¡°The minor effects of shared environment to disease liability do not support the concept that the grouping of risk factors, such as H. pylori infection, would explain the genetic factor of peptic ulcer disease,¡± they concluded.

1. According to the passage, which of the following is a very likely cause of ulcer in men?
  A. Smoking and stress.
  B. Drinking and smoking.
  C. Genes and children.
  D. Use of a certain medicine.

2. What factors contribute to over half the ulcers?
  A. Hereditary factors.                           
  B. Economic factors.
  C. Environmental factors.                     
  D. Genetic factors.

3. In relation to ulcers, experts study twins in order to examine
  A. the roles of genetic factors.
  B. the roles of environmental factors.
  C. the roles of both genetic and environmental factors.
  D. the roles of brotherhood.

4. What does ¡°environmental effects¡± in the fourth paragraph refer to?
  A. A clean environment with no smoke and dust surrounding the living area.
  B. Smoking and stress in men and use of pain-killing medicine in Women.
  C. Factors shared by family members such as genes and the food they eat.
  D. Shared exposure to H. pylori infection in the unclean environment.

5. The passage argues that
  A. ulcers are related to genes.
  B. ulcers are related to lifestyle.
  C. ulcers appear in men and women.
  D. ulcers are caused by pylori infection.