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2008职称英语考前每日一练(卫生类第41期－A级)
发布时间：2008-3-13 15:00:00 浏览次数: 454
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇幅短文后有5道题，每题材后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择一个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 Family and Health Care
"Chronic diseases, such as heart disease and cancer, have replaced acute infectious illness as the leading causes of death in the United States," says Thomas L. Campbell, a physician specializing in family related medicine. Since most of these diseases cannot be cured, Campbell believes more emphasis must be placed on health promotion and disease prevention.
The way to do this is through the family, Campbell says in a report published by the National Council on Family Relations. "The family has a powerful influence on health beliefs and behaviors because it is the primary social agent in the promotion of health and well-being. Preventive health-care programs and policies must focus on the family and use it as an important resource in health promotion."
Campbell points to a number of observable connections between health and family:
The family is the primary setting in which attitudes and behaviors regarding diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use are learned and maintained.
Unhealthy behaviors and genetic risk factors for diseases are frequently found within families, as family members tend to share not only genes, but diets, physical activities, and alcohol and tobacco use.
Chronic marital （婚姻的） distress and conflict can lead to acute and chronic health changes, such as rising blood pressure and heart rate and lowering immunity （免疫力） of cells. These physiological （生理上的） changes result in a wide range of diseases, especially heart disease and cancer.
Campbell believes that a number of measures be made within the health-care system to accommodate the Influence of the family. For example, health education and preventive care should be targeted toward families as well as individuals and communities. Also, when a risk factor for a disease or condition is identified in one family member, all other family members should be tested.
Campbell also recommends that mental-health care be included in wellness programs and suggests that family professionals （therapists, sociologists, and family-life educators） become more actively involved in health promotion.
31 Campbell believes people should pay more attention to health promotion and disease prevention because most of these diseases
A can hardly be cured.
B can be cured gradually.
C can cause many deaths.
D can be cured only by specialists.
32 According to Campbell, the most effective way to promote health and prevent diseases is
A to make new health, care programs.
B to stress the role and the influence of the family.
C to adopt a new medical policy.
D to ask each family to donate money to the community.
3 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A Family is the place where we learn, attitudes regarding eating.
B Family is the place where we learn behaviors regarding eating.
C When conflict occurs in a family its members may suffer from distress bad to health.
D Divorce is the best policy to promote health.
34 According to Campbell, health education should be centred on
A families.
B individuals.
C communities.
D all of the above.
35 Which of the following is the possible job of a family professional?
A To give advice to family members who have mental problems.
B To help the smart family members to become professors.
C To help the children in the family review their lessons.
D To give the family members medical treatment like doctors.
第二篇 Laughter
There is an old saying in English: "Laughter is the best medicine". Until recently, few people took the saying very seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to investigate laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found evidence that laughter really can improve people's health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films, while doctors checked their heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be capable of reducing the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group which tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce endorphins （内啡肽） in the brain. These are natural chemicals which diminish both stress and pain.
There is also some evidence" to suggest that laughter helps the body's immune system, that is, the system which lights infection. In an experiment, one group of students watched a funny video while another group served as the control group - in other words, a group with which to compare the first group. Doctors checked the blood of the students in both groups and found that the people in the group that watched the video had an increase in the activity of their white blood cells, that is, the cells which fight infection.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors and psychiatrists （精神病学） in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they try to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
31 We learn from the first paragraph that laughter
A is good for one's health,
B is related to some illness.
C has been investigated long since.
D has no effect on the body.
32 Doctors have found that laughter
A keeps down blood pressure,
B has similar effects to physical exercise.
C decreases the heart rate.
D increases stress.
33 Which of the following statements is NOT true of laughter, according to the passage?
A It reduces pain.
B It exercises the body.
C It improves the body's immune system.
D It can cure cancer.
34 In a laughter clinic, doctors
A laugh at their patients.
B encourage their patients to laugh.
C smile when they don't feel like laughing.
D never stop laughing.
35 The writer's attitude towards laughter+ is
A critical.
B doubtful.
C positive.
D negative.
第三篇 Sleep and Dreams
We often hear people ask the question, "What did you dream about last night?" This shows that dreaming is a very common experience. Everyone in normal health spends parts of the night dreaming. And just as there are many different types of dreams, there are a variety of dream functions. Let's look at just five.
The first is the function of the experience-monitoring dream. In this, the mind reviews past experience, that is, the experience of the previous day or some event in the more distant past. Such a review is a way of learning the lesson of that experience. Often the dream .has an outcome different from what really happened. It represents a more, or less, desirable result. For example, after an unsuccessful interview for a job, you may dream that you are in the same room, before the same people, but now speaking calmly and effectively.
If that dream occurs before your interview, it may be of the creative type. This is another important function of the dream that helps solve problems by suggesting answers.
Freud and his followers attach greatest importance to the function of the wish-fulfilling dream. According to Freud, in our dreams we satisfy desires which our circumstances or personal limitations do not allow us to achieve. For example, a boy with little pocket money may dream a lot of coins falling from the sky. Such dreams are usually very sweet, but short-lived.
The fourth dream function is that which brings us to some external reality, usually by some sensory stimulus （感官刺激）. For example you dream that you are at or in a fire; you start up, and find a cigarette burning in your bedside ash-tray. Ih this way the senses send messages to the "sleeping" mind warning us of the need to awake in order to take some form of action.
Finally, the predictive function （预见功能） of the dream, a function people are most uncertain about. But whether or not we believe in the possibility of events being predicted in dreams, the fact is that throughout the ages men have done so. One famous example is about the birth of Buddha. It is said that, one night before Buddha was born, his mother dreamed that a white elephant entered her womb （子宫）. Ten months later she gave birth to this great religious leader.
41 The first paragraph suggests that both dreams and functions of dreams are
A good to health.
B bad to health.
C unimportant in life.
D of many types.
42 Which of the following is true of the experience-monitoring function?
A The mind reviews past experience.
B The mind foresees what will happen in the future.
C The mind makes the dream exactly fit reality.
D The mind makes reality more desirable.
43 Freud believed in all of the following statements about the wish-fulfilling dream EXCEPT
A It has a very important function.
B It satisfies our unfulfilled desires.
C Dreams of this type are usually very sweet.
D Dreams of this type always last long.
44 Which dream function is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A Monitoring past experience.
B Fulfilling personal wishes.
C Forgetting external reality.
D Predicting future events.
45 The passage is mainly about
A functions of dreams.
B time spent on dreams.
C history of dreams.
D limitations of dreams.
答案:
31. A 32. B 33. D 34. B 35. C
36. A 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. C
41. D 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. A
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