·一周点击排行
·热点推荐
2008年职称英语综合类教材新增部分内容(十三)
发布时间：2008-1-22 10:25:00 浏览次数: 665
第十二篇
Obesity Causes Global Warming
The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming.
This conclusion comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois, US, and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study calculates how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. (1)
There has been calls for taxes on junk food2 in recent years. （2) "We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost," Schmidt said. "Similarly, leading a lazy lifestyle will end up costing taxpayers more."
US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such claims are getting attention.
At the US Obesity Society's annual meeting, one person correlated obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. (3) "The funny thing was that everyone took it seriously," Oliver said.
In a 1960s study, children were shown drawings of children with disabilities and without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked which they would want for a friend? (4)
Three researchers recently repeated the study using college students. Once again, almost no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. "Obesity was stigmatized," the researchers said.
But, researchers say, getting thin is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different. But, not because obese people don't care. (5)___ Genes also play a part.
词汇：
Obese adj. 肥胖的
haul/haul/v.运输
Correlate v. 与……相联系
stigma n.坏名声
stigmatize v.侮辱
注释：
1. carbon dioxide二氧化碳
2. junk food 垃圾食品
3. cause-and-effect relationship 因果关系
练习：
A A meager diet may keep you thin.
B It means an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide1.
C The obese child was picked last.
D US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people's cars
E Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight.
F No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship3.
答案与题解：
1. B 第二段讲到Sheldon Jacobson 和 Laura McLay 在一项研究中计算了搬运美国胖子一年需要多消耗10亿加仑的汽油。从所给的这些句子来看，只有B是连贯的。B说的是：It means an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.这意味着多方出一千一百万吨二氧化碳。
2. D 第三段的第一个句子，即空格 前的句子，讲的是：最近一些年里，不断有人提出要给垃圾食品征税。这是个主题句，那么后面的句子讲得应该更具体一点。D说的更具体，是这么说的： US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people's cars.美国经济学家Martin Schmidt建议对送到车上的快餐要征税。另外，从主体的发展来看，也只有这个句子最合适。
3. F 第五段开始时说到，在美国肥胖协会的年会上，有人把车祸造成的死亡跟肥胖联系了起来，也有人把自杀跟肥胖联系了起来。从剩下的句子来看，只有填入F是连贯的。F说的是：No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship.没有人问一问它们之间是否真正存在因果关系。
4. C 第六段主要是讲一个试验，先让儿童看一组画，画里有正常和残疾的儿童，还有一个小胖子，而后问哪个小孩他们愿意做朋友。C是对这个问题合适的回答。C是这么说的： The obese child was picked last.最后挑的是小胖子。
5. E 最后一段讲的是减肥跟戒烟不一样，在一定程度上受到基因的控制（最后一个句子），因此很难。所以只有E是合适的。E是这么说的：Science has shown that they havelimited personal control over their weight.科学已经表明，胖子自己几乎是无法控制体重的。
第十三篇
The Value of Motherhood
In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying “a gift to thank her for her unselfish love”. When you log onto1a website, a small pop-up2 invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.
(1) The popularity of Mother's Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more - enough to make her horrified.
(2) They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother's Day is the No 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother's Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother's Day even got her arrested – for disturbing the peace, interestingly.
(3) As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe, traditionally "motherhood is something that we do because we think it's right." But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better.
(4) So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation.
(5) According to The Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.
So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother's Day needs to be updated: "It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people."
词汇：
motherhood n.母性
website n. 网站
bouquet n. 花束
注释：
1. log onto 登录到。log onto a website 登录到一个网站。
2. pop-up 弹出式菜单。a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her.一张小的弹出式菜单要你为她订一束花。
练习：
A The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.
B But what's more, commercialism changes young people's attitude towards motherhood.
C Obviously, the best girl will be a phone call or a visit.
D According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of Americanconsumers celebrate the holiday.
E As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.
F In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire. ,
答案与题解：
1. A 第一段主要讲笼罩着母亲节的商业气氛，如电源让你买一件礼物送给你的母亲，表示你感谢她无私的爱等。从语气上可以看出，作者对用商业手段表达母爱是反对的。第二段的第二个句子中有Anna Jarvis 这个人的名字。最后一个句子是这么说的：In fact, she got more - enough to make her horrified. 事实上，她得到的还要多，多得使她感到可怕。从内容的衔接来看，Anna Jarvis 在前面很可能出现过。在多有的选项中只有A出现了这个名字，因此A是对的。
2. D 第三段的第二个句子中出现card（贺卡）这个词。从主题发展来看，前一句中应该出现过这个词，并且内容更概括。惟有D中出现过这个词并且论述概括，主意：主题句的陈述总是一般的，因此选D。
3. B 第三段的主要内容是进一步讲述表现在母亲节中的商业主义以及人们xx母亲节中的商业主义，包括Anna Jarvis个人所做的努力。从内容上看，第四段是讲由于商业主义的影响人们对母性，也即为母之道发生了变化。选项B是合适的，它是该段的主题句。
4. F 第五段是对第四段主题的进一步发展，因此用F。
5. E 第六段是人们对为母之道的态度的变化的总结，因此用E。
讨论此主题请进>>: 2008年职称英语综合类教材新增部分内容(十三)