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2008年职称英语理工类教材新增部分内容(十)
发布时间：2008-1-17 17:05:00 浏览次数: 847
第六部分 完形填空
（两篇）
第二篇
Biological Identification Technologies
When a person walks, the movement of his head, trunk, hipbones and limbs are all reflected in changes in his body. A computer 1 these changes into a database. Later, the computers can 2 identify him according to these changes. This is a new biological identification method and it can quickly identify an examinee 3 disturbing him. It's especially suitable for use in airports and supermarkets.
Everybody's voice is 4 . When a person's voice is recorded by an instrument, its voice frequency spectrum is called his sound print. Like a fingerprint, everybody's sound print is different. How can computers 5 his sound? First, his voice is recorded, which allows the computers to become familiar with his voice. It will then turn his sound characteristics into a 6 of digits. These digits represent the frequency, pitch and rhythm of the person’s voice. These are the 7 on which the computers can distinguish1 his voice from 8 .
When that person needs to be identified, after he says only one word or two, the computers can identify him. The computers can even identify sounds coming 9 the wires. This will provide a 10 guarantee to electric banks and electric purchases.
We often bring ID cards2, work cards, or driver licenses with us to prove our identity. If all these cards are forgotten or lost, how can we prove 11 we are? In fact, it's not difficult to prove whom you are, because your body 12 has identifying markers. Some are physiological features, such as fingerprints, sounds, facial types and eye color. The computer can help to identify you. Suppose your features have already been stored in the database3. To identify you, we have to take your picture with a camera and send it to a computer for 13 . First, the computer needs to reposition this picture according to the position of your eyes4, and then starts to read the message of your physiological features such as the 14 of your pupil5 to the whites of your eyes6 and the shape of his nose. Next, it seeks matching records from the database. Finally, it makes a 15 .
词汇：
hipbone n. 股骨
pitch n. 音高
limb n. 肢体
license n. 执照
database n. 数据库
fingerprint n. 指纹
spectrum n. 频谱
reposition v. 改变…位置
digit n. 数码，数字
注释：
1. （basis） on which the computers can distinguish：在这个基础上，电脑能区分…… . 前面带有介词的关系代词which引导定语从句，修饰basis.
2. ID cards：身份证。ID = identity
3. Suppose your features have already been stored in the database：假定你的特征已经储存在资料库里。 Suppose your features have already been stored in the database 可以理解为 Let us suppose your features have already been stored in the database.
4. reposition this picture according to the position of your eyes：按照你的眼睛的位置重新调整照片的角度
5. pupil：瞳孔
6. whites of your eyes：你的眼睛的眼白
练习：
1.
A) checks
B) stores
C) revises
D) modifies
2.
A) nearly
B) approximately
C) roughly
D) accurately
3.
A) without
B) with
C) for
D) in
4.
A) identical
B) similar
C) unique
D) sole
5.
A) hear
B) understand
C) distinguish
D) record
6.
A) series
B) package
C) line
D) pair
7.
A) origin
B) cause
C) reason
D) basis
8.
A) other’s
B) another’s
C) each other’s
D) one another’s
9.
A) at
B) on
C) in
D) through
10.
A) cleverer
B) tidier
C) smarter
D) safer
11.
A) how
B) whom
C) what
D) where
12.
A) oneself
B) themselves
C) itself
D) himself
13.
A) processing
B) copying
C) coloring
D) revising
14.
A) size
B) type
C) ratio
D) shape
15.
A) recommendation
B) decision
C) proposal
D) contribution
答案与题解：
1. B 从上下文的意思判断，作者说的是往资料库里存储肢体的变化的资料。存储的英语词是 store，所以要选 B.check（ 检查）、revise （修正） 和 modify（修改） 与上下文的意思都配不上。
2. D 选项 A 的 nearly （不完全地）、选项 B 的 approximately （近似地）、选项C的 roughly （概略地） 都不可能与电脑的快速、准确的性能联系起来，而且约摸地辨认也不会有实用价值。只有选 D （accurately 准确地） 才符合逻辑。
3. A 前面句子说这是一项新的生物学的辨认技术，最后一句说，这项新技术适合机场和超市使用。以此推论，这是个好的技术。能辨认人而又不去打搅（without disturbing） 被辨认人的技术才是好技术。选项 A 是本题的答案。
4. C 辨认依靠的是被辨认人具有的特性，每个人的声音也有其独特性和惟一性。所以，选项 C 的 unique（惟一的）反映了这个道理，所以是答案。
5. C 本段前面几句是说人的声纹与指纹一样，可以用来辨认人。后面几句介绍电脑如何利用声纹辨认人。所以填入"空5"的词一定是选项 C 的 distinguish.其它三个选项提供的词，无论用哪一个都不合适，因为后面的句子都不是回答 "How can computers hear/understand/record his sound?"这些问题的。
6. A 在句子 "It will then turn his sound characteristics into a ? of digits"（然后电脑将他的声音特征转换为 ？ 的数码） 中，填入"空6"的词似是相当于汉语中的量词。查看四个选项，只有 a series of digits （一系列数码） 最合适。a package of （一箱的）、a line of （一行的）、a pair of （一双的）与 digits 都不搭配。
7. D 从意义上分析，选项 D 的 basis 是最合适的。而且 basis 与介词 on 也搭配，组成 on this basis （在此基础上）。其它三个选项的词不仅与上下文的意思不连贯，而且与 on 也不搭配。
8. B "空8"所在的句子的意思是，电脑能够将某人的声音与他人的声音区分开来。答案是选项 D 的 another's.each other's （彼此的声音） 和 one another's （彼此的声音） 明显不对。other's 也不对，如果要用，就得是 others'.
9. D "空9"所在的句子的意思是，电脑还能够识别通过电线传过来的声音。through 是合理的选择。所以，D是答案。
10. D 本题解题的思路最好用排除法。如果选用 cleverer/tidier/smarter 与 guarantee 搭配，意思上有点怪，只有 safer guarantee （更安全的担保） 最合理。
11. B 电脑要证明的是我们是谁，即我们的身份，所以只能用 whom we are.B 是答案。
12. C body 的代词是 it，反身代词是 itself.句子的意思和语法都要求用反身代词，即 itself.C是答案。
13. A "空13"后面的句子说电脑对输入的人像进行多项处理（first, then, next, finally）。要表达"处理"这层意思的英语词是 processing. A 是答案。
14. C 选用 size、type 或 shape 都不行。如果用了， "your pupil to the whites of your eyes"中的 to 就与 size、type 或 shape 不搭配。只有选 ratio, 意思上和搭配上都对。ratio的用法是 ratio of…to…。
15. B 电脑辨认的结果一定要安全可靠，不能含糊其词。所以，proposal, recommendation 都不会是答案。contribution （贡献） 的意思与上下文接不上。所以，只有 选项B 的 decision 才是答案。
第十三篇
Debate over the use of Renewable energy
Ausubel of Rockefeller University in New York, US. says the key renewable energy sources, including sun, wind and biofuels, would all require vast 1 of land if developed up to large scale production1 – unlike nuclear power. That land would be far better left alone2, he says. Renewables look attractive when they are quite 2 . But if we start producing renewable energy on a large scale, the fallout is going to be horrible. Instead, Ausubel argues 3 renewed development of nuclear.
Ausubel draws his conclusions by analysing the amount of energy renewables, natural gas and nuclear can produce in terms of power per square metre of land used3. Moreover, he claims that as renewable energy use increases, this measure of efficiency4 will 4 as the best land for wind, biofuels, and solar power gets used up.
Using biofuels to obtain the 5 amount of energy as a 1000 megawatt nuclear power plant would require 2500 square kilometres of farm 6 , Ausubel says. "We should be sparing land for nature5, not using it as pasture for cars and trucks," he adds.
Solar power is much more efficient than biofuel in terms of the area of land 7 , but it would still require 150 square kilometres of photovoltaic cells to 8 the energy production of the 1000 MW nuclear plant. In another example, he says meeting the 2005 US electricity demand via wind power alone would need 780,000 square kilometres, an area the size of Texas.
However, several experts are highly critical 9 Ausubel’s conclusions. John Turner of the US government’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory says that 10 the US got all of its power from solar energy, it would still need less than half the amount of land that has been paved over for highways. Further, it need not 11 additional land. The US could get a quarter of its energy just from covering rooftops of 12 buildings, he says.
According to Turner, the same "dual use" also applies to wind power6. "The footprint for wind7 is only 5% of the land that it 13 . Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on8. Turner says looking solely at land use is an oversimplification of the 14 . "I’m not sure I’d want to build one of these nuclear plants in Afghanistan9, but we could 15 put in wind and solar power," he adds.
词汇：
Renewable adj. 可再生的n. 可再生能源
photovoltaic adj. 光电的
rooftop n. 屋顶
biofuel n 生物燃料
footprint n. 足迹，影响区域
fallout n. 余波，结果
turbine n. 涡轮机
megawatt n. 兆瓦
pasture n. 牧场，牧地
oversimplification n. 过于简单化
注释：
1. if developed up to large scale production：如果开发达到大规模的程度。 if developed up to large scale production ＝ if （the key renewable energy sources were） developed up to large scale production
2. That land would be far better left alone：保留那一片土地远比使用它为好。（be） left alone 是"别动它"的意思。如：
Leave him alone. He can solve the problem himself.
（不要打搅他。他自己会解决问题的。）
3. Ausubel draws his conclusions by analysing the amount of energy renewables, natural gas and nuclear can produce in terms of power per square metre of land used：Ausubel 用每平方公尺土地与产生的能量的比率这一方法，对可再生能源、天然气和核电厂发出多少能量进行分析，从而得出他的结论。（that） renewables, natural gas and nuclear can produce in terms of power per square metre of land used 是定语从句，修饰 the amount of energy, 关系动词 that 省略。in terms of 是 "按照，依据".如：
We cannot measure everything in term of money.
（我们不能用金钱来衡量每一件事。）
4. this measure of efficiency：这种效率的值。measure 这里指"值的大小".
5. We should be sparing land for nature：我们应该将土地留给自然。spare 是"免去，免遭".如：
Call him and you will spare a visit.
（打个电话给他，省得自己跑一趟。）
6. the same "dual use" also applies to wind power：同样的"双重利用土地" 也适用于风力发电
7. The footprint for wind：风力发电占用的土地。footprint 在此的意思是"影响区".wind 实际上指的是"风力发电".
8. Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on：农民在涡轮机占用的土地上仍然可以耕种。 Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on ＝ Farmers can still farm the land on which the turbines are
9. I'm not sure I'd want to build one of these nuclear plants in Afghanistan：我确定不了我是否还想在阿富汗建立一个这样的核电厂。这是一种委婉的英语表达方式（understatement），其真正要表达的意思是：我不想在阿富汗建立一个这样的核电厂。
练习：
1.
A) figures
B) amounts
C) numbers
D) digits
2.
A) small
B) huge
C) little
D) vast
3.
A) at
B) over
C) for
D) against
4.
A) expand
B) minimize
C) enlarge
D) decrease
5.
A) same
B) similar
C) alike
D) identical
6.
A) region
B) site
C) area
D) land
7.
A) leased
B) cultivated
C) used
D) purchased
8.
A) patch
B) match
C) catch
D) fetch
9.
A) in
B) with
C) of
D) on
10.
A) even if
B) only if
C) what if
D) as if
11.
A) lock up
B) take up
C) give up
D) step up
12.
A) towering
B) interesting
C) nice-looking
D) existing
13.
A) surrounds
B) contains
C) includes
D) covers
14.
A) issue
B) stuff
C) summary
D) suggestion
15.
A) doubtfully
B) supposedly
C) certainly
D) honestly
答案与题解：
1. B 虽然四个选项的词 （figures 数字， amounts 数量，numbers 数目，digits 数码） 都是与数字有关的，在 of land 之前，要用 amounts.B 是答案。
2. A 在 "Renewables look attractive when they are quite ? . But if we start producing renewable energy on a large scale, the fallout is going to be horrible"这两个句子之间，有个连词 But, 说明两个句子的意思相反。后一句说，如果大规模开发可再生能源，其后果十分可怕。既然 "大规模"、"可怕"，前一句填入空格的词应该与之相反。选项 A 是 small，正符合要求，A 是答案。
3. C Ausubel 是不赞成大规模开发可再生能源的。"空3"后出现 nuclear, 可以合理地推论出，这是他赞同的能源。所以要选 C 的for.argue by （通过……进行争论）, argue over （就……进行争论）, argue against （争论以反对） 都不符合上下文的意思。.
4. D "空4"前面一句说，Ausubel 对可再生能源、天然气和核电厂发出的电量与其占用土地的量的比值作一比较。"空4"所在的句子说，随着风力发电、生物燃料发电和太阳能发电占用的最好的土地逐渐用完，这个 效率比值会发生什么变化呢？从 gets used up 分析，效率比值应该变小才对。所以要选 D的 decrease.minimize （使最小化）不符合上下文的意思。
5. A 从句子的意思和词的搭配上看，填入 "空5"的词是选项 A 的 same.same…as 是固定搭配。填入 same 之后，句子的意思也完整了，即：用生物燃料得到与 1000 兆瓦核电厂相同的能量需要 2500 平方公里的耕地。
6. D 前文说的效率比值都是以 land 为标尺，所以这儿要选 A 的 land.
7. C "空7"所在的句子的意思是： 按 ? 土地计算，太阳能的效率比生物燃料的效率高得多 .最适合填入的词是 C 的 used.其它三个选项 leased （租借）、cultivated （耕种）、purchased （购买）都不符合上下文的意思。
8. B 本题只能选 B 的 match （相匹配），其它三个选项，即 patch （补缀）、catch （捕捉）、fetch （取来） 只是与 match 发音接近，意思与上下文不匹配。
9. C critical 要求后接 of.C 是答案。
10. A John Turner 是反对 Ausubel 的计算方法的。从"空10"所在的句子分析， the US got all of its power from solar energy 应该是一个让步状语从句，选 A 的 even if 是对的。此外，only if （决不……除非）、what if （如果……怎么办）、as if （仿佛） 的意思都与上下文搭不上，也佐证了选 A 是正确的。
11. B 本题只能选 B 的 take up （占用），因为用上 take up 后，上下文的意思就连贯了。其它三个选项，即 lock up（锁上）、give up （放弃）、step up （加紧） 的意思与上下文不匹配。
12. D "空12"所在的句子的意思是： 美国仅仅从 ? 大楼的楼顶（铺设的太阳能电池板）中就能得到四分之一的能量。从意思连贯的角度选择，选项 D 的 existing 最符合题意。
13. D 本段第一句用了 "dual use".第二句说风力发电占用土地的百分数 （土地的第一个用途）。第二句说建有涡轮发电机的土地仍然可以用于耕种 （土地的第二个用途）。"空13"要填的动词应该是 D 的 covers （覆盖）。the land that it （指代 wind） covers, 意为 "风力发电所覆盖的土地".
14. A an oversimplification of the ？ ，究竟对什么过度简单化呢? 从上下文看，应该是对占用土地问题的过度简单化。选项 A 的 issue （问题） 正是上下文缺失的词。stuff （材料）、summary （总结）、suggestion （建议） 都不对。
15. C "空15"所在句子的前半句是说不会在阿富汗建造核电站，后半句用 but 开始，说明前半句和后半句的意思相反。前半句用了 I'm not sure，后半句用 选项 C 的 certainly, 与 not sure 的意思相反，是很合理的。
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