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2008年职称英语理工类教材新增部分内容(九)
发布时间：2008-1-17 17:05:00 浏览次数: 649
第五部分 补全短文
（三篇）
第七篇
Time in the Animal World
Rhythm controls everything in Nature. ___1___.
The sun provides a basic time rhythm for all living creatures including humans. Nearly all animals are influenced by sun cycles and have developed a biological clock in their bodies following these cycles. The moon also exerts its force and influence on the sea. Its gravitational attraction causes the rising of the tide. ___2___. When the moon is behind the Earth, centrifugal force causes the second tide of the day.
Animals living in tidal areas must have the instinct of predicting these changes, to avoid being stranded and dying of dehydration. Since the time of the dinosaurs, the king crab has been laying eggs1 at the seaside in a set way2. To avoid predator fish3, the eggs are always far from seawater and protected by sand. In the following two months, the eggs undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon4. When the second spring tide comes, the young king crabs have matured. ___3___. .
Most of the mammals, either the giant elephant or the small shrew, have the same average total number of heartbeat in their lifetime. Shrews live only for two and a half years, and spend their life at a high speed and high tempo. Animals like shrews with a pulse rate of 600 per minute have an average total of eight hundred million heartbeats5 throughout their life. The African elephant has a pulse rate of 25 beats per minute, and a life span6 of 60 years. The size of the body determines the speed of life. ___4___.
As we get older, our sense of time is being influenced by the physiological changes of our body. The elderly spend more time resting, and do few sports. ___5___. For a child, a week is seen as a long time.
词汇：
rhythm n. 节奏
king crab n. 鲎
slap v. 拍击
predator n. 食肉动物
exert v. 施加
shrew n. 鼩鼱
gravitational adj. 重力作用的
tempo n. 节奏，速度
centrifugal adj. 离心力的
pulse n. 脉搏
strand v. 使搁浅
span n. 跨度
dehydration n. 脱水
physiological adj. 生理的
dinosaur n. 恐龙
注释：
1. laying eggs：产卵
2. in a set way：以一种固有的方式
3. predator fish：食肉鱼
4. undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon：经受与月亮周期有关的巨大变化。related to the cycles of the moon 是过去分词短语，作后置定语，修饰changes.
5. eight hundred million heartbeats： 8亿次心跳
6. life span：一生
练习：
A． For an adult, time goes fast year by year.
B． It controls, for example, the flapping of birds' wings, the beating of the heart and the rising and setting of the sun.
C． The larger the animal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo is.
D． The tide goes out when the moon moves away and its attraction is weaker.
E． We always tend to think all the animals have the same sense of time as human beings.
F． The second spring tide takes them back to the sea.
答案与题解：
1. B "空1" 前面的句子 "Rhythm controls everything in Nature" 是主题句。"空1" 的句子应该是陈述主题句的细节。选项 B 的"It controls，for example, the flapping of birds' wings, the beating of the heart and the rising and setting of the sun"是主题句的例解。controls 是两个句子的词汇连接手段，两个句子的内容也连贯。所以，B 答案。
2. D "空2"前面两句说，月亮对大海施加力量和影响，其地心吸力造成涨潮。 "空2"后的句子涉及第二次涨潮。可以推断，位于这两个句子之间的"空2"的内容应该与大海和潮汐有关。选项D说的是退潮。因此是答案。
3. F 第三段说到生长在潮汐地区的·动物具有预测潮汐的本能。然后举 King crab 为例。鲎远离海岸产卵，并将之埋在沙下，防止食肉鱼吞食。到第二次春潮来临时，小鲎已破壳而出。 "空3"应该填什么呢？选项 F 出现 second spring, 这是与上一句联系的信号。再看内容，它是上一句意思的自然发展。F 是答案。
4. C 第四段说到哺乳动物不管寿命长短、体形大小，其一生心跳总次数大致相同。作者举体形大、寿命长的大象和体形小、寿命短的 shrew （鼩鼱） 为例说明之。本段的倒数第二句是结论： The size of the body determines the speed of life."空4" 应该填什么呢？估计应该与上述结论有关。选项C 的"The larger the animal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo is"是对上一句的结论的细化说明。C 是答案。
5. A 第五段说到随着年龄的增长，生理变化会影响人的时间感。"空5"前面一句说到老人，"空5"后面一句说到小孩。可以判断，"空5"的内容会涉及另一个年龄段。选项 E 说了一个成年段。A 是答案。
第十一篇
Virtual Driver
Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzing with a brain, and coordination between hands, feet and brain. A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body. ___1___. Apparently there isn’t anyone in the driver’s cab, but there is in fact a virtual driver1. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot, you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system: a built-in computer. ___2___. The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2, analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path, and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.
In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver’s best advantage is that it reacts quickly. ___3___. However, it takes the world’s best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn’t include the time he needs to take action.
With its rapid reaction and accurate control, the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at any time and in any place? ___4___. With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.
The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. ___5___. This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars, and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like5.
词汇：
virtual adj. 虚拟的
built-in adj. 嵌入的
coordination n. 协调，配合
racecar n. 赛车
cab n. 驾驶室
expressway n. 高速公路
minicamera n. 小型照相机
driverless adj. 无驾驶员的
boot n. （车身后部的）行李箱
注释：
1. virtual driver：虚拟驾驶员
2. The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at：大脑负责计算汽车周围物体移动的速度。 The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at ＝ The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds at which objects surrounding the car are moving
3. have the wheel：驾驶汽车
4. This being the case：虽然情况是这样。 This being the case 是独立分词短语。
5. highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like：未来的汽车就应该是高度智能化的汽车
练习：
A． Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.
B． In the near future, intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.
C． This is the brain of the car.
D． But how does an intelligent car control itself?
E． It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.
F． However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.
答案与题解：
1. D "空1" 前面三个句子讲的是真人驾驶员驾驶汽车时脑、眼、耳、手、脚并用，而且要协调配合。"空1"之后话题转入虚拟驾驶员。"空1"之后的第一句 "Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab……"似来得有些突然。与前面句子接得很生硬。中间应该有个过渡句。选项 C 就是连接上下文的过渡句。
2. C "空2"前面一句说， 如果你打开车身后部的行李箱，你就能看到自动驾驶系统的最重要的部件，嵌入式电脑。"空2"后的句子中的 the brain of the car 自然是指前句的 built-in computer, 但接得太突然。选项 C 的 "This is the brain of the car "就把前后句子联系起来了。this 指代上一句的 built-in comupter.后面句子的 The brain of the car 是重复选项 C中 的 The brain of the car，显得很自然。所以，C是答案。
3. E "空3"前面一句说，虚拟驾驶员最大的优点是反应快。 "空3"后面一句说，最好的赛车手至少要1秒钟才能作出反应。"至少要1秒钟"已经暗示，虚拟驾驶员反应速度要比真人驾驶员快。一找，选项 E 果然说，虚拟驾驶员只需100毫秒就能作出反应。选项 E 使上下文的意思完整，因此是答案。
4. A "空4"前面是一句问句，即 "在这种情况下，是不是可以不分时间、不分地点都让虚拟驾驶员驾驶汽车?""空4"的句子应该回答这个问题："让还是不让？"选项 A 回答了这个问题，因此是答案。
5. F "空5"前面一句说，"The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. （智能汽车按清晰标出的车道线决定自己的行车方向，靠车辆的常规形状识别其它车辆。） 选项 F 的内容正好相反。上一句说"recognizes"，还有" mark the lanes clearly" ，而 F 说"cannot recognize"，又说" no clear markings".从意思表达上和词汇重复上，都能判断出，F 的句子应该出现在"空5"的位置上。
第十五篇
The Arctic Ice is Thawing
Father Christmas may have to move his “workshop1” from the North Pole because global warming is thawing the ice beneath his feet and his reindeers' feet as well. His “workshop” is in dire straits. The “platform” for the “workshop” is melting, said Stefan Norris of the World Wildlife Fund environmental group's Arctic Program.
An eight-nation report by 250 scientists published recently predicted the Arctic Ocean could be ice-free in summer by 2100 because of a build-up of heat-trapping gases2 in the atmosphere, mainly from burning fossil fuels in cars or factories. The North Pole is getting more and more inhabitable to Father Christmas. ___1___. Young people learn that Father Christmas' “workshop” produces millions of gifts delivered by him on a flying, reindeer-drawn sleigh. Hollywood movies like "The Polar Express3" tried to make viewers believe that Father Christmas lives at the North Pole. ___2___.
The "Fortress of Solitude" is near the North Pole that could be under threat in a warmer world5. Alan Boldt, spokesman of the Danish Ministry of Science, suggested ways to rescue Father Christmas. ___3___. Another alternative, he argued, would be building some electrical facilities to ensure the ice stays on the North Pole for him. "This should be a subject for the United Nations," he said. “Danmark could build windmills to provide Father Christmas with power." Denmark says Father Christmas’s real home is Greenland, which will help, Denmark thinks, to strengthen its position in claiming the sovereignty over the Pole. ___4___.
"Doesn't he already speak Danish?" Boldt said frostily when asked if Father Christmas would be forced to learn Danish if Denmark won international recognition of its claim to the Pole. Last month's Arctic report said the region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe, partly because dark ground or water, once uncovered, soaks up more heat than ice or snow. Finland has been most favored by Father Christmas and it has about 500,000 tourists a year to visit its Christmas center in Rovaniemi in Lapland6. ___5___.
词汇：
thaw v. 融化，解冻
Nordic adj. 北欧的
reindeer n. 驯鹿
rink n. （溜冰） 场
dire adj. 可怕的
Danish adj. 丹麦的
build-up n. 增强，聚集
Danmark n. 丹麦
sleigh n. 雪橇
sovereignty n. 主权
Hollywood n. 好莱坞
frostily adv. 冷漠地
Greenland n. 格陵兰
注释：
1. workshop：工场。圣诞故事说，圣诞老人每年圣诞节向全世界儿童赠送礼物。礼物数量何止千千万万。于是，人们想象，圣诞老人住在北极，在冰块上一定拥有一个制造礼物的工场。
2. heat-trapping gases：捕捉热量的气体。 heat-trapping gases = greenhouse gases
3. The Polar Express：极地快车（好莱坞电影名）
4. Nordic countries：北欧国家。北欧国家包括芬兰、瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛等五国。
5. The "Fortress of Solitude" near the North Pole that could be under threat in a warmer world： "孤独要塞"靠近北极，在变暖的世界中可能处于危险之中。that 引导的定语从句修饰 Fortress of Solitude.
6. Rovaniemi in Lapland：位于拉普兰地区的 Rovaniemi（罗瓦涅米）。 Rovaniemi 是芬兰拉普兰省首府，是一个充满北极风光的城市。市内有圣诞公园 （Christmas Park）。每年圣诞节，热闹非凡。 Rovaniemi 被称为圣诞之都。
练习：
A． However, Nordic nations all reject it by claiming that their countries are his home.
B． Therefore the North Pole is the most attractive place in the world.
C． If Denmark's claim were accepted internationally, it would have the legal right to search for oil and gas at the North Pole.
D． One of them would be building a giant floating ice rink for the workshop if the Pole thaws.
E． Maybe Father Christmas has already moved to Rovaniemi.
F． He may have to move from the North Pole within our children's lifetimes.
答案与题解：
1. F "空1" 前面两个句子讲的是,，受全球气候变暖的影响，北极的冰正在融化，估计到2100年夏天北极将成为无冰的世界。北极越来越不适合圣诞老人居住了。于是，读者或许会猜想，在这种情况下，圣诞老人该怎么办呢？选项 F 说， "He may have to move from the North Pole within our children's lifetimes"，其意思与上文配合得天衣无缝，北极住不下去了，只能移居他处。因此 F 是答案。
2. A "空2"前面一句说，好莱坞电影 "极地快车"想让观众相信圣诞老人的故乡在北极。下面该填什么呢？选项A说， "However, Nordic nations all reject it by claiming that their countries are his home"，北欧国家不同意这种说法，都声称自己的国家才是圣诞老人的故乡。意思和上文配得上，但意思正好相反。 所以，"空2"句子的句首用 however 与前一句接起来。A 是答案。
3. D "空3"前面一句说，丹麦科学部发言人提出拯救圣诞老人的几个办法。 "空3"的内容应该涉及具体的拯救办法。选项 D 符合这个要求。D 说其中一个办法是：如果北极的冰融化，就人工造个浮冰场地，上面可以承载圣诞老人的工场。从上下文意思的连接上，从 one of them （指代前一句的 ways） 的用词上，都可以确定，D 是答案。
4. C 选项 C 的句子一开始就用 "Denmark's claim"重复"空4"前面一句的 "claiming （to the sovereignty over the Pole）"，从词汇重复上，我们可以判断，填入"空4"的句子应该是选项 C 的句子。我们再从意思上分析一下。丹麦认为，说圣诞老人的故乡是格陵兰有助于加强丹麦声称自己拥有北极的主权的地位。选项 C 说，如果丹麦的这一要求得到国际社会认可的话，它就拥有合法的权利去勘测北极的石油和天然气。上下文意思是连贯的，所以 C 是答案。
5. E "空5"前面一句说，" Finland has been most favored by Father Christmas and it has about 500,000 tourists a year to visit its Christmas center in Rovaniemi in Lapland".当看到 选项 E 中重复出现 Rovaniemi，就知道 "空5"的位置上应该是选项 E 的句子。圣诞老人如此眷顾 Rovaniemi，每年约有50万游客来参观 Rovaniemi 的圣诞中心。E 的句子说 "Maybe Father Christmas has already moved to Rovaniemi （说不定圣诞老人已经移居罗瓦涅米了） "，是对前一句 "眷顾"的颇有风趣的总结，也是对与"空1"的句子 "He may have to move from the North Pole within our children's lifetimes" 遥相呼应。选项 E 是本题的答案。
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