2008高考英语《考纲》解读

总体态势 纵观整个新考纲，2008高考英语《考纲》变动的具体情况可以用八个字概括：整体平稳，局部微调。正好暗合高考历来坚持的两个有利于原则，即“有利于中学素质教育的推进；有利于高校选拔人才”。
整体平稳的根本原因在于，《考纲》背后还有一个《教学大纲》。为了稳定高中教学，作为指挥棒的高考大纲不宜频繁变动,因此,在确定了考查形式和内容之后，一般会保持几年的持续和稳定。本次新《考纲》中明确说明了命题的依据仍然是2000年颁布的《高中英语教学大纲（实验修订版）》。由于作为命题依据的《教学大纲》没有调整，高考考查的内容就基本没有变化，只是在试题的具体表现形式上有所改进和完善。基于此认识，同学们没有必要过分在意《考纲》的调整，而应该注重“向基础回归，向课本靠拢”。只要同学们熟练掌握了《教学大纲》要求的语言知识和语言技能，也就具有了面对任何题目的信心和勇气以及夺取高分的基础和前提。
局部微调是因为万众瞩目的高考命题也应体现与时俱进的精神。时代在进步，社会在发展，这一切都影响到每一届参加高考的学子们。为了更好地完成选拔人才的重要职能，高考试题应该对时代的变化有所体现，所以需要在稳定的前提下不断发展不断创新。同时，虽然《教学大纲》没有变化，但是知识的纲领、教学的依据——《新课程标准》颁布已经有些时日，高考“积渐变而成质变”的思路必定也会在2008年的试卷中有所体现。 [font=幼圆] 单项选择
1. This magazine is very ____ with young people, who like its content and style.
A. familiar B. popular C. similar D. particular
2. Emergency line operators must always ___ calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.
A. grow B. appear C. become D. stay
3. Despite such a big difference in _____ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.
A. point B. idea C. attitude D. sight
4. If the firms failed to make enough money, they would _____.
A. close down B. call off
C. turn down D. set off
5. She devoted herself _____ to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.
A. strongly B. extremely C. entirely D. freely
6. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this _____ creates further problems.
A. in short B. in case
C. in doubt D. in turn
7. If we can _____ our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
A. come across B. get over
C. come over D. get off
8. He began to take political science ___ only when he left school.
A. strictly B. truly C. carefully D. seriously
9. Surely it doesn’t matter where the student associations get their money from; what ___ is what they do with it.
A. counts B. applies C. stresses D. functions
10. Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a _____ environment.
A. peaceful B. sensitive C. common D. stable[/font]
参考答案:ＢＤＣＡＣＤＢＤＡＤ

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从宏观层面来说，２００８年的高考英语命题会保持以往命制风格。
[font=黑体]：《考纲》明确指出“参照教育部２０００年颁发的《高中英语教学大纲（试验修订版）》，并考虑中学教学实际，制定本学科考试内容”。近年的高考英语命题严格地遵循了“《教学大纲》和《考试大纲》”，对中学英语教学起到了良好的科学导向作用。
：高考强调“选拔性考试”的特点。《考纲》要求“高等学校根据同学们的成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。因此，高考应有较高的信度、效度、适当的难度和必要的区分作用”。近年的英语高考命题体现了“有利于中学素质教育的推进，有利于为高校选拔人才”和“稳定中求发展”的指导思想，较好地体现了改革精神。
：“突出语篇，强调应用，注重交际”。这符合《考纲》中有关“语言运用”能力的要求，如考纲对“听力”的要求是：要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。同学们应能：（１）理解主旨和要义；（２）获取事实的具体信息；（３）对所听内容作出简单推断；（４）理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。
可见《考纲》把“理解主旨和要义”放在了首位，从命题形式上规定对语篇的考查以及从“具体信息”和“简单推断”两个方面对同学们的应用能力提出了要求。
高考题把重点定位在语篇上。现在的英语高考都是通过在语篇中的考试来考查同学们的思维能力。考听力是在一个个对话中进行的，完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达、短文改错都是这样，即使是单项填空也要给你设一个完整的情景。
所谓“语篇”是指能完成交际任务的最小语言单位。无论是听力、完形填空还是阅读理解，都把理解文章的主旨大意，掌握文章的整体要领作为命题的基本内容，旨在考查同学们综合运用语言的能力。设题中强调通过语境考查考生实际运用英语的能力，在实际运用中体现语言的交际性和实用性原则。
：“高考英语测试定位为语言交际能力测试。”
语言知识题的命题原则是：“保证知识的覆盖面；尽可能增加综合性与语境化的因素。”语言应用题的命制原则为：语言必须放在实际的、并尽可能不同的情景中运用；语言必须适合具体的交际行为；考核的焦点在于是否达到交际目的；语言交际行为除了需要语言能力外，还需要一些其他的能力。
：从近几年的各地高考英语试卷看，多数英语试题难度系数控制得还比较好，大多数保持在０.５５～０.６５之间。中等难度的试题占试卷的绝大多数，符合《考纲》中有关“试题难易比例：试卷包括容易题、中等题和难题，以中等题为主”的要求。２００８年的高考英语题难度在整体上会保持2007年的水平。
：《考纲》对考卷题型形式采取了宽容、灵活的态度，未作统一要求，只对题型作了一个大概的描述。《考纲》提到“试卷一般包括多项选择题、完形填空题、听力填空题、短文改错、书面表达等题型”。在这种指导思想的支配下，２００７年全国各地命制了１８套题型不尽相同的高考英语试题。命题的多元化和试题结构的多样性体现了实事求是的精神，适应了全国不同地区教育教学发展的不平衡性的特点，加强了考核的针对性。同时命题的多元化趋势必然增加试题的地域特色，试卷的地方特色会变得越来越浓厚，尤其在写作题的命题上将会表现得比较突出。例如今年南方遭遇罕见的冰雪灾害就很可能成为南方各地考卷的命题热点。[/font]

[font=幼圆] 完形填空：阅读下面短文，从四个选项中选出最佳选项。
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For most of us, it is not too difficult to correct a mistake. We say we are sorry, promise to 1 differently, and go on with no regrets. This is not 2 , though, of some 3 figures whose actions failed. They probably spent their 4 feeling regret.
Napoleon, for example, wasn’t 5 being Emperor of France. He wanted to rule all Europe and, for a time, seemed to 6 . In the end, Napoleon “met his Waterloo”. He spent the rest of his life in exile(流放)on Alba. We can only 7 the regret he must have felt 8 on that small island.
At the end of World War II, the Emperor of Japan must have regretted the 9 of Pearl Harbor(珍珠港). It brought to an end the Emperor’s 10 as a God to his people. It is 11 he didn’t not feel regret for his country’s actions when he learned of the 12 of the atomic(原子的)bomb. He had to feel regret when he had to announce his country’s 13 to his people.
In our 14 country, a President left his office. President Nixon was deeply involved in(卷入) the Water Gate problem. 15 revealing(揭露)the action of his men, he tried to cover up the 16 . When it was revealed there were tapes 17 his involvement, he must have felt regret. If he had not tried to cover up the problem, he might never have had to leave office.
It has been 18 for me to correct my mistakes so far. None of my behavior has had 19 effects. I will probably do things I will regret, but not, I hope, anything that cannot be correct or that has a serious consequence(后果)for 20 .
1. A.work B.think C.play D. behave
2. A. true B. wrong C. same D. right
3. A. powerful B. particular C. historical D. excellent
4. A. times B. days C. periods D. ages
5. A. amazed B. satisfied C. appreciated D. concerned
6. A. win B. succeed C. realize D. occur
7. A. imagine B. detect C. expect D. relate
8. A. left B. missing C. lost D. remaining
9. A. seizing B. taking C. bombing D. exploding
10. A. job B. position C. role D. post
11. A. understandable B. unbelievable C. unfortunately D. unlikely
12. A. leaking B. delivering C. throwing D. dropping
13. A. defeat B. attack C. loss D. fail
14. A. great B. own C. industrial D. hilly
15. A. Thanks to B. Due to C. Instead of D. Except for
16. A. appearance B. state C. condition D. situation
17. A. trying B. testing C. challenging D. proving
18. A. wrong B. exciting C. easy D. usual
19. A. desired B. lasting C. same D. harmless
20. A. others B. myself C. friends D. people
参考答案:
DACBB BAACC DDABC DDCBA

[font=黑体]微观态势 [/font]
从微观的角度看，2008年高考英语试题在题型设计上会“稳中求变”，即知识为本，能力立意，依据大纲，但不拘泥于大纲。“能力和应用”始终是考查的重点。
听力的难度较2007年会有所加大。对同学们的听力要求会有所提高，主要考查同学们获取信息的能力，如“要求考生能识别语段中的重要信息并进行简单的推断”等。测试的重点放在理解上，而不是辨音上。主观性试题会增多，如新增听力填空题、听力答题等。听力语速的提高是发展的必然趋势，估计语速一般在每分钟120～150个单词。
高考单选题主要考查同学们对英语基础知识的理解、掌握和运用情况，突出语言的交际性和实用性。通常重点考查动词，一般考查动词的题占一半以上，但近几年高考加大了对其他词汇的考查力度，名词、形容词、副词等的辨析比例也在逐年增加。如2007年湖北卷的单选题就是以考查词汇为主，而考查语法则放在主观题“完成句子”题当中。
完形填空题多数考查具有一定故事情节的记叙文，也可能考查议叙结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文。材料通常可读性强，具有教育意义。选材贴近生活，贴近实际，符合高中生的认知水平。完形填空题能综合考查同学们语篇分析、推理、判断和运用的综合能力，短文内容完整，结构严谨，逻辑性强，层次分明。选项设计一般以情景意义为主，以实词为主，设题思路上具有一定的干扰性。
阅读理解的题材和体裁会继续保持多样化的态势，语言材料更新、来源更广、更地道、更真实，更具新颖性、教育性、可靠性和可读性。阅读材料多数来源于最新的国外书报时文，而题型设计上，细节考查题居多。有些省市的高考说明提出了“理解文章的基本逻辑结构的要求”，这就说明对短文阅读的主题句段、语篇结构的把握、文章写作意图、写作手法等的考查会有所加强。
短文改错题的考查会进一步弱化。短文改错题的短文通常以记叙文为主，题材和语言都符合高中考生的实际。错误类型设置相对稳定。错误类型主要涉及一致性、基础语法和行文逻辑等方面。同学们平时在书面表达中常出现的错误也就是短文改错要考查的重点。
书面表达相对来说可能变数较大。2008年绝大多数省市会采取指导性写作和开放性写作相结合的形式，这样有利于激活考生思维，留给同学们一定的自由表达空间，便于考查同学们的真实写作水平。题材方面会突出时代精神和实用特色，如“南方雪灾”“民生改善”“北京奥运会”等方面的题材尤其值得同学们关注。
[font=幼圆] 阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Dancing’s lots of fun[/font]

Put down your pencil, set aside your textbook, turn on the music, get up and get down on the dance floor!
That’s just what the Senior 1 students from Shijiazhuang No. 2 High School like to do in their spare time.
Last week the 38 classes decided who had the best moves at an exciting group dance competition.
Shi Shi, 16, and her classmates performed the Latin cha-cha. They choose this dance because they thought few classes would try such a passionate(热情的)and dramatic(剧烈的)style. Rounds of applause(掌声) showed their hours practice paid off.
“We invited two junior school girls who attended a dancing school to teach us basic movements. Then we practiced to the music at lunchtime nad after school and for many hours at the weekend,” Shi said.
To create an impressive scene, students carefully prepared their clothes.
Wang Yupeng’s class rented Tibetan clothes from a store to perform a Tibetan dance.
“The clothes helped us achieve the effect that we had expected. All my classmates tried their best because it was the last chance for us to do an activity together before finishing our first year of high school,” the 17-year-old said.
Besides attractive costumes, doing the right moves was important, Luo Yu, 16, thinks.
Her class took first place with their “Qianshou Guanyin”(千手观音)dance. The class monitor even saw a video on the Internet, of the dance as it was shown on CCTV’s Spring Festival evening party. “We watched the video many times and believed that our chance could be as impressive and touching as the one performed by the disabled people. We can hear the music and can dance to the drum beats(鼓点),” Luo said.
Even though they were busy with their studies, the students had great fun and found a new way to relax.
“It also made our body language beautiful and strengthened our communication and sense of teamwork,” Shi said.
1.Why did shi and her classmates performed the Latin cha-cha?
A. Because all of them liked the passionate style.
B. Because few classes chose to dance it.
C. Because they had learned it from two junior school girls.
D. Because it was easy to them.
2.How did Luo Yu learn to dance “Qianshou Guanyin”?
A. She learned it from a CCTV programme.
B. She learned it from a group of disabled people.
C. She learned it from a video on the Internet.
D. She learned from her class monitor.
3.Which class took first place in the dance competition?
A. Shi Shi’s class
B. Wang Yupeng’s class
C. Luo Yu’s class
D. The passage doesn’t mention it.
4.What did the students think of the dance competition?
A. Relaxing B. Boring C. Funny D. Busy

[font=幼圆] 书面表达
结合左图写一篇１2０字左右的文章，反映出图画所表示的内容，可适当发挥想象。题目自拟。

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参考答案
阅读理解:ＢＣＣＡ

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