2008新东方高考巡讲手册：阅读迷惑选项分析

俗话说“知己知彼，百战不殆。”高考这个战场的“彼”就是出题者了。大部分同学在做阅读时，读文章、审题干、看选项这个过程，全部的心思和精力都是在找正确选项A(假设是A)。而我们的“敌人”出题者呢？大家都知道高考阅读的文章是现成的，而耳熟能详的几大题型对于出题专家们更是轻车熟路，而正确选项A也是来源于原文的，所以文章、题干、正确选项都没有耗费出题者太多精力。真正体现出题者水平的是迷惑选项BCD！迷惑选项的特点是：1不能第一眼就看出来错的；2看起来还很像对的；3最终还真得是错的，错得毫无疑问。这才是真正有“技术含量”的部分，才是体现一个出题者水平的地方，才是每个出题者挖空心思的地方！

　　今天我在这里，以05年重庆卷的一篇文章为例，就迷惑选项的制造规则，做一些探讨：

　　1) My parents were in a huge argument, 2) and I was really upset about it. 3) I didn’t know who I should talk with about how I was feeling. 4) So I asked Mom to allow me to stay the night at my best friend’s house. Though I knew 5) I wouldn’t tell her about my parents’ situation, 6) I was looking forward to getting out of the house. 7) I was in the middle of packing up my things when suddenly the power went out in the neighborhood. 8) Mom came to tell me that I should stay with my grandpa until the power came back on.

　　1) I was really disappointed because 2) I felt that we did not have much to talk about. But I knew 3) he would be frightened alone in the dark. 4) I went to his room and told him that I’d stay with him until the power was restored. 5) He was quite happy 6) and said, “Great opportunity.”

　　“What is?” I asked.

　　“To talk, you and I.” he said. “To 7) hold a private little meeting about what we’re going to do with your mom and dad, and what we’re going to do with ourselves now that we’re in the situation we are in.”

　　把第一段划分成一个个小的信息段：1爸妈吵架2我不高兴3不知跟谁倾诉4要去好友家过夜5不会给好友讲6想离开家7正在收拾东西时停电了8被要求待在家陪爷爷。

　　平时大家觉得题干和选项看着眼熟，又不是很熟就是因为“同意替换”：同样的意思从原文中拿出来就变了个样子：

　　56题干中look forward to ? wish to,

　　A选项中upset ? angry, argument ? quarrel,

　　B选项中didn’t know who ? found nobody, talk with ? share,

　　C选项中look forward to ? want to, get out of ? escape from,

　　D选项中my parents’ situation ? my trouble,

　　发现选项与信息段的对应关系

　　56. I wished to get out of the house because.

　　A. I was angry about my parents’ quarrel

　　B. I found nobody to share my feelings with

　　C. I wanted to escape from the dark house

　　D. I planned to tell my friend about my trouble

　　56题问的是为什么6？

　　A讲的是1和2。

　　B讲的是3。

　　C讲的是6 + dark。

　　D讲的是5 - not。

　　迷惑选项规则1：a选项带有部分原文的信息(56题C\D)，看着眼熟，其实加了其它成分。b选项就是原文的信息，自身看不出哪里错，但其实并不是符合题干的答案(56题B)。

　　用同样的方法将第二至四段划分成小的信息段：

　　1我很沮丧2因为认为跟爷爷没什么语言3他一个人怕黑4我去了他那儿告诉他要陪他5他很高兴6说到好机会… 7…谈谈爸妈和他们自己的情况

　　57. Grandpa was happy to see me because.

　　A. he could discuss the problem with me

　　B. he had not seen me for a long time

　　C. he was afraid of darkness

　　D. he felt quite lonely

　　57题问的是为什么5？

　　A讲的是7

　　B 讲的是x(他很久没见我了)

　　C讲的是3

　　D讲的是y(他很孤独)

　　迷惑选项规则2：根据文章另外提出一些看似有道理、有联系的信息，它们往往是一些人之常情或社会常识，主观上易接受，并容易凭经验推出(老人家……)，但其实不是正确答案(57题B\D)。

　　上面总结的两个规则广泛运用于全国各地的高考卷，各位同学在以后做题评讲之后，养成习惯把剩下的三个选项是规一还是规二给标记出来。久而久之就会对迷惑选项的规律产生感觉，从而达到对其免疫的效果。

讨论此主题请进>>: 2008新东方高考巡讲手册：阅读迷惑选项分析