UNIT 4 MANNERS AND CUSTOMS

　　主要内容：
　　本课主要介绍了世界各地区不同的风俗习惯，其中包括中国人庆祝新年的风俗和爱尔兰人举行婚礼的风俗等。通过本课的学习，我们不仅要了解在本课中介绍的风俗习惯以及文章中介绍的文化背景，而且要能够利用所学知识与外国人就各地的风俗习惯进行讨论。

　　课文词汇及语法：

　　Dialogue:

　　1. millennium n. a span of one thousand years.一千年

　　2. propitious adj. presenting favorable circumstances; auspicious.顺遂的，有利的，善意的
　　propitious weather好天气
　　propitious omen(s)吉兆
　　e.g. I don’t think this kind of weather is propitious to us.
　　这种天气对我们不利。
　　The cool days during this week are propitious for out trip.
　　这种凉爽的天气对我们的行程很有好处。

　　3. fire-work n. 鞭炮，焰火 a fire-work display 焰火表演
　　cracker，firecracker 爆竹

　　4. survive
　　1) 残存To live or persist through:
　　e.g. plants that can survive frosts.
　　He is lucky enough to survive the car accident.
　　Hemingway survived several wars and finished his works on wars.
　　2)比活的长 To live longer than; outlive:
　　e.g. The old man survived his wife.
　　他比妻子活的时间长。
　　She survived her husband by five years.
　　她比她丈夫多活了五年

　　5. due adj. 预期的，预定的，应到的
　　e.g. When is the train due? 火车什么时候到达?
　　-- The train is due at 5:00 in the afternoon.
　　professor Li is due to make a speech in our school tomorrow.
　　due to: 由于，起因于
　　e.g. The car accident was due to careless driving.
　　His failure was due to his ignorance.

　　6. as far as I know 就我所知
　　e.g. As far as I know, he is always the first to come to the classroom.
　　As far as I know, Hemingway ever took part in the two world wars.

　　7. as a matter of fact: in fact事实上
　　e.g. It is said that he is a successful businessman; as a matter of fact, he is a good writer as well.
　　As a matter of fact, people in that country are very friendly.

　　8. shake hands with sb 握手
　　shake one’s hand
　　e.g. Chinese shake hands as greeting, while people in the West kiss when they meet.

　　9. as for: with regard to 至于
　　e.g. I have never thought about it as for buying a new house.
　　As for your proposal, let’s leave it tomorrow.

　　10. toll bell 敲钟
　　e.g. For Whom The Bell Tolls 丧钟为谁而鸣(海明威)
　　The church bell tolled the hour.
　　教堂的钟声报时。

　　11. lose one’s voice 失声
　　lose heart 失去信心
　　lose one’s heart to sb：to fall in love with sb
　　e.g. He lost his voice due to his bad cold.
　　Never lose heart.
　　The man lost his heart to a pretty girl who turned out to be the daughter of his enemy.

　　12. make it : to be successful 成功
　　e.g. I make it. 我成功了。
　　Never lose heart, and I’m sure you can make it.
　　不要失去信心，我相信你会成功的。
　　Thomas finally made it as an actor.
　　托马斯最终成为了一名演员。
　　He finally made it to the airport in time despite of the traffic jam.
　　尽管有交通堵塞，他终于按时到达了机场。
　　I don’t think I can make it to learn math well.
　　我想我可能学不好数学。

　　passage

　　1. horizon n. 地平线
　　horizontal bar单杠
　　horizon distance地平线距离, 水平线距离
　　horizon mirror水平镜
　　the horizon地平线
　　e.g. The sun is sinking below the horizon.

　　2. prolong v. 延长，拖延
　　e.g. He liked Beijing so much that he tried to prolong his visit in the city.
　　He wants to prolong his vacation because of his illness.
　　The delegation decided to prolong their visit by one week.
　　代表团决定把访问延长一个星期。
　　to prolong ones life延长寿命

　　3. engage v. 约定，忙于，从事
　　e.g. I will engage you that I’ll manage the business for you.
　　After giving up his business, he is now engaging politics.
　　be engaged to sb 和订婚
　　e.g. Tom and Mary are engaged.
　　Tom was engaged to Ann last month.
　　engaged adj.忙碌的, 使用中的
　　be engaged in sth 忙于
　　e.g. His uncle is now engaged in writing a novel.
　　他叔叔最近正忙着写一部小说。
　　The line is busy / engaged.

　　4. bride, bridegroom 新娘，新郎

　　5. squeeze v. 压，挤，榨
　　e.g. I’m trying to squeeze the juice out of the lemon. 榨汁
　　He tried hard to squeeze into the crowded bus.
　　他费劲的挤进拥挤的公共汽车。

　　6. domestic adj. 家庭的，国内的
　　domestic concerns [affairs]家务; 内政
　　domestic troubles家庭纠纷
　　domestic markets国内市场
　　domestic and foreign news国内外新闻
　　domestic goods [products]国产, 国货
　　domestic animals家畜
　　e.g. He is now busy with his domestic troubles.
　　他现在正忙于家里的麻烦事。
　　The domestic economic situation is going for better.
　　国内经济形势正在好转。
　　He always keeps a close eye on latest domestic news.
　　他密切的关注国内最新的消息。



　　7. luxurious adj. 豪华的，奢侈的 luxury n.
　　a luxurious hotel 豪华宾馆
　　a luxurious feast 豪华盛宴
　　e.g. She had luxurious habits. 她享受惯了。
　　She had a luxurious hot bath.她洗了个舒服的热水澡。

　　8. religious adj. 宗教的
　　e.g. a religious house修道院, 僧院
　　Hans was a very religious man. 汉斯是个虔诚的宗教信徒
　　religion n.
　　1) 宗教，宗教信仰
　　e.g. Almost every country has some form of religion.
　　几乎每个国家都有某种宗教信仰形式。
　　2) 非常认真的事
　　e.g. Tennis is a religion with John. 约翰打网球非常认真。

　　9. toast n. 干杯，祝酒，祝酒辞
　　to propose a toast 提议干杯
　　drink a toast 干杯

　　10. feast n. 宴会
　　to give a feast 举行宴会
　　a feast for the eye赏心悦目的事
　　e.g. He got to know the famous writer at the feast.
　　They’ve prepared a big feast for their distinguished guests.
　　他们为尊贵的客人准备了盛大的宴席
　　v. 盛筵款待使精神愉快; 使享受
　　feast ones friends宴请朋友
　　feast ones eyes on the beautiful scene饱览美景

　　11. unsophisticated adj. 纯朴的，质朴无邪的,简单的。
　　e.g. Look at those unsophisticated children. 看那些天真的孩子们。
　　It is only an unsophisticated technique. 这只是一个简单的技巧。

　　12. self-conscious adj. 不自然的，害羞的
　　conscious adj. 有意识的，清醒的
　　unconscious adj. 无意识的，不清醒的
　　subconscious adj. 下意识的

　　13. sentimental adj. 感伤的，容易动情的
　　e.g. sentimental music.感伤音乐
　　She is a sentimental girl.
　　Never offend others for sentimental reasons. 不可冲动的冒犯别人。

　　14. treasure v. 珍视，珍藏
　　e.g. treasure sth. up in ones memory铭记某事
　　I treasure your friendship. 我珍惜你的友谊。
　　We have a lot of long-treasured values. 我们有很多珍视以久的价值观。
　　He treasures the watch very much which was given by his father.

　　15. grief-stricken adj. 充满悲伤的，极度悲伤的
　　flood-stricken 遭受洪灾的
　　hunger-stricken 受饥饿折磨的
　　war-stricken 饱受战争之苦的

　　16. ancestor n. 祖先

　　17. in search of 搜索，寻找
　　e.g. They went into the forest in search of the lost boy.
　　I’m logging on net in search of the websites about education.
　　我正上网搜寻有关教育的网址。

　　18. bring up 抚育，培养
　　e.g. She brought up six children who lost parents during the war.
　　She was brought up by her uncle.
　　Her children have been well brought up. 她的孩子们教养很好。

　　19. in full swing 活跃，正在全力进行
　　e.g. Now the project is in full swing.
　　Since the plan is now in full swing, we should pay even closer attention.

　　20. take time 花时间
　　e.g. Shall we take some time to go out for a walk?
　　He seldom takes time to visit his mother, and this made his mother sad.

　　21. remains n. 剩下的东西，残余,剩余物
　　e.g. We found the remains of a meal on the table.
　　我们在桌上发现了剩下的饭菜。
　　Many people go to visit the remains of ancient Rome.
　　很多人去参观古罗马的遗迹。

　　22. enviously adv.羡慕地
　　envious adj. 忌妒的; 羡慕的
　　envy v. 嫉妒，羡慕

　　23. exile n. 背井离乡者，被放逐者，流放，充军
　　go into exile逃亡
　　live in exile过离乡背井生活; 流亡(异乡)
　　send sb. into exile流放某人

　　24.gossip n.
　　1)流言蜚语;背后议论人长短
　　e.g. You shouldnt listen to gossip.
　　你不应该听流言蜚语。
　　I read about it in the gossip column.
　　我在闲话栏曾看过有关这件事的报道。
　　2) 惯于说别人闲话的人;爱传流言蜚语的人
　　e.g. She is an old gossip.
　　她是一个长舌妇。
　　a gossip writer 随笔作家
　　the gossip column (报纸上的)随笔专栏